Showing posts with label disappointment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label disappointment. Show all posts

Fear and Trembling, by Amélie Nothomb

BIOGRAPHY

This is a slightly different biography, mixing Wikipedia and other sources with my personal opinion of her.

Amélie Nothomb is a very interesting writer, quite different from the others writers I know. She stems from a Belgian noble family. Her father was the Belgian diplomat Patrick Nothomb, and she is the grandniece of Charles Ferdinand Nothomb, a Belgian Foreign Secretary (1960–2001), and the great-granddaughter of the writer and politician Pierre Nothomb. She is a Commander of the Order of the Crown and has had the title of Baroness bestowed upon her by King Philippe of Belgium.

But I have said that she is a very different person for other reasons. Let’s see. For starters, she has two places and two dates of birth. According to some sources, she was born in Etterbeek (Brussels) on 9 July 1966, Belgium, but according to herself, she was born in Kobe (Japan) in 1967. It is a metaphorical statement, since her childhood memories begin in Japan, where she lived from the ages of two to five, the time that most deeply marked his character, due to his learning at school, and his close relationship with his beloved Nanny.

After living in Japan, she lived in China, New York, Bangladesh, Burma, The United Kingdom and Laos, and finally in Belgium. All these transfers were due to his father’s profession (a diplomat, as I said) and undoubtedly marked her character. In Biographie de la faim, at one point in the novel she writes: “the majority of international terrorists are children of diplomats. It does not surprise me”. Her sense of humour, cynical and intelligent, is one of her main characteristics.

She has a brother and a sister, and she has always felt very close to the latter, with whom she takes refuge imagining fictional worlds (and both writing about that) during their childhood, in which they saw the horror of hunger and misery of places like China or Bangladesh.

At the age of 17, she discovered Europe, and more specifically Belgium, where at first she felt like a foreigner. She studied Romance Philology at the Free University of Brussels (with liberal socialist tendencies), where she found it difficult to integrate because her last name evokes her family’s extreme right-wing past. She refers to this experience in her novel Antichrista.

After graduating at the age of 21, she returned to Tokyo and worked for a year in a large Japanese company. She recounts this experience in her novel Fear and Trembling. When she returned to Belgium, she wrote her first novel, Hygiène de l’assassin, which was very well received by the critics and the public. From that moment, she devoted herself exclusively to writing. According to her own explanation, she spends four hours a day writing, and she writes three novels a year, of which she only publishes one. She has written more than thirty novels and almost 20 short stories.

In 2012, Luca Chiari directed the documentary Amélie Nothomb: une vie entre deux eaux (“A Life Between Two Waters”) about Amélie’s return to Japan, where she rediscovered the beauty of its landscapes, its peaceful rites, the sadness of Fukushima, but especially, where she met again her Japanese nursemaid, Nishio San.

She is, as I have already said, very special even by the way of presenting herself.  In her photos on her books, she always appears dressed in black and wearing a big hat, which gives her a distant, even cold appearance.

In my opinion, perhaps it’s the way of creating a character that allows her to stay hidden, and also away from fashion. As she explains in her numerous autobiographical books, Amélie does not consider herself beautiful at all, but she admires beauty, especially feminine beauty, and that way of showing herself, always just her face and little else, protects her from her unattractive appearance (according to her, who also says that she is quite short and suffers from scoliosis).

All her novels are interesting, especially the autobiographical ones, and almost all of them are short and easy to read because they are captivating and full of surrealism and intelligence.

Try reading this author, because I am sure you will enjoy her a lot.

 

SUMMARY

 

I’m going to make a general summary of the entire book, in order to awaken your curiosity and your desire to read it. I hope I get it without too many spoilers. For that reason I’ll focus on explaining what was happening around the book at that time, especially the motivation that led Amélie Nothomb to go to Japan, and the feelings she had during that year.

Firstly, in my opinion, we are faced with a book about love, about crazy, excessive, disproportionate and absurd love. All these adjectives also serve to describe the content of the book.

At the age of 20, Amélie Nothomb was in love with Japan, or more precisely with an idea of Japan, the one she had of the Japan of her early childhood, between two and five years old, with a loving nanny, a school she loved attending and using a language she found sublime. In some of her books, she speaks with pride of the Japanese language, with a forceful pronunciation and significant ideographs, instead of the pitiful language her brothers were forced to study at the same time (English), a “boiled” language, according to her, in which some words mix with others forming a broth that is sometimes unintelligible (I agree, by the way). She remembers herself writing at school, and reading Japanese books (not children’s stories but books for adults) with enthusiasm.

Isn’t it incredible that someone could write and read fluently in Japanese at that age, and that her memories of that time are so clear? However, that is what she describes very clearly in at least two of her books: Le sabotage amoreux (1999) and Biographie de la faim (2004), both autobiographical. In both she makes it clear, and still considers it so, that the separation from Japan to go living in China (the communist China of the eighties) was the most painful and traumatic separation of her life. That was the reason why, after having finished his studies in Romance Philology, she made every effort to obtain the degree of Japanese translator, so that she could go to work for one of the most important corporate companies in that country for a year.

And, at that point, the book begins. During that year, she will go from being practically nobody, with no one below her, to being much less than nothing, suffering an endless number of hilarious, humiliating, absurd and degrading situations. And she overcame all of this for love, for her love to Japan.

Instead of rebelling, as would be expected of someone with her character, she tries incessantly to understand, and even justify, these tyrannical behaviours of unlimited cruelty based on absurd rites of honour, which despise Westerners in general and women in particular (Japanese women are not exempt from this either, within a deeply sexist and classist society). And she tells us this with a great sense of humour, often close to sarcasm and surrealism, and with a great feeling of acceptance, even with a rare and almost inexplicable pleasure. 

In my opinion, the thing we have to thank that year in Japan for is that Amélie Nothomb decided that, after her return to Europe, she would dedicate herself exclusively to writing. The countless times she committed metaphorical suicide by jumping into the void through the company bay windows (a little spoiler, sorry), and flying over the wonderful landscapes of her beloved Japan, stimulated her imagination (already prodigious) and helped her to make that decision.

If you try reading Biographie de la faim and Fear and trembling you will be able to know Nothomb childhood and early youth, and perhaps to begin to appreciate his particular way of writing, and even of her being hedonistic, solitary, caustic, surreal and as fun as difficult to understand.

 

QUESTIONS

-What is the relation of the title with the novel? Does it have any relation with the book by Søren Kierkegaard?

-Why the reference to Aristotle?

-What do you know about the Japanese culture? Have you been there? Nothomb observations, are they clichés or real habits?

-Nothomb mentions Cleopatra and her nose. Do you think a so small detail can change the History?

-If you were to live abroad, what would be more important for you, to keep your culture and traditions, or to adapt to your new situation?


VOCABULARY

spat me out, bay window, open-plan, scornful, tore it up, output, refrain, umpteenth, brimmed, complexion, carnation, mourned, downfall, lair, ashen, dumbfounded, losing face, probed, slumped, kanji 

Mansfield Park, by Jane Austen

Jane Austen (1775-1817)


There’s no much information about Austen life, mostly because her sister Cassandra burnt or destroyed all her letters; she said Jane told so many personal things about their family and friends that it would be indecorous to know their content.

We do know she was born in the rural Hampshire (or Hants), a county in the south of England, that she was the sixth of seven children in a clergyman’s family with a big library, and that this library had a wide variety of books, even Tom Jones or Tristram Shandy, novels that in that period weren’t very appropriate for girls, and less for clergyman’s daughters.

She was educated mainly at home and only went to a boarding school for a year in Reading.

She started writing stories that she read for the family and plays that they perform at home.

When she was 26, they moved to Bath; then, five years later, they went to live in Southampton, and three years later to Chawton, also in the same county.

She never married, althought she had a relationship with a man who died young.

Her novels narrate “the rocky road to a young woman’s happy marriage”, and she said she needed only three or four families to develop their plot. So, what is there in her novels?

She published Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Mansfield Park (1814) anonymously. In 1817, after her death, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were published with the name of the author.




 

MANSFIELD PARK

 

This is the story of Fanny Price, the eldest daughter of a very poor and crowded family. But she is nine years old when she is adopted by her rich uncle sir Thomas Bertram, of a well-to-do family, and her living prospects change radically.

The narrative starts telling us about the three sisters Ward. The eldest and more beautiful, although very apathetic, indolent and trivial, marries Sir Thomas Bertram and gets a comfortable position in the world.

The second sister marries a clergyman, reverend Norris, who has a benefit in Sir Thomas parish, the vicarage being very near the country house.

The youngest sister, Frances, fared worse, because she married for love to the poor navy lieutenant Mr Price, and so got estranged from her sisters; and, to make matters worse, he is been licensed because of an injury and spends most of his time at home or with his friends, but not working. The family Price, besides of being poor, is numerous. But when Mrs Price is about having her ninth child, she asks for help to her sisters. Mrs Norris, a busybody bossy childless woman, suggests that Sir Thomas could adopt a Prince’s child. So Fanny got to live with sir Thomas, her wife and their children, Tom, Edmund, Maria and Julia, all of them older than Fanny.

These children, although they have an excellent academic education, are spoiled because of the indulgence of their parents and their aunt Mrs Norris. Fanny, who is very shy and honest, feels a bit uncomfortable in this house, because Sir Thomas is so serious, Mrs Norris so bossy, Mrs Bertram and her daughters so indifferent; but in the end she gets used to the Bertram’s family ways. The only person who shows some sympathy to Fanny is Edmund, who wants to be a clergyman, and whom she would fall secretly in love with.

Some years pass without any novelty. Then, Mr Norris dies, and reverend Mr Grant and his wife comes to live in the vicarage.

Mr Bertram has to go to Antigua to manage his plantations because there have been some problems. While he’s away, a friend of Tom visits the Bertrams, full of enthusiasm about reforms in the countryside. He’s a very rich man, but not very clever. He falls in love with Maria.

More or less at the same time, there are two more visitors: Mary Crawford and Henry Crawford, Mrs Grant’s step-sister and brother. There are some flirtations between Henry and Julia, Henry and Maria (although they know she’s engaged to Mr Rushworth) and Edmund and Mary.

After some days, another guest arrives. It’s Mr Yates, with his head full of acting. He infects the group with the craving of acting and theatre. And after some debate, they decide to prepare a play to perform for all the family. But when they are rehearsing for the last time, Sir Thomas arrives from Antigua and all is cancelled.

Now the novel changes its tone. Until this moment, there has been a lot of action; now, it moves to a more psychological ground. Sir Thomas has changed: he understands and loves better Fanny, he sees he has indulged too much his daughters and his son Tom, and that he has given too much power to Mrs Norris over his family.

Maria marries Mr Rushworth, and the couple and Julia go to London.

Henry Crawford tries to break Fanny’s heart, but in the end it seems that he’s fallen in love with her. He approaches her, but she rejects all his advances, even when he helps her brother in a promotion.

Edmund is indecisive about proposing to Mary Crawford, because perhaps he thinks she wouldn’t be an ideal wife for a pastor: she is trivial and wouldn’t like to be married to a clergyman.

After her refusing Henry Crawford, Fanny is sent for a couple of months to visit her family, and Tom fells very ill, almost to the point of dying.

Henry Crawford, after visiting Fanny in Portsmouth with her family and showing one more time his love, goes to London to visit the married couple. 

But we’re not going to give away any spoiler.

So some questions can be:

Is Fanny going to stay with her family forever? Is she going to get married to Henry Crawford? Is she going to go back to Mansfield? Is Edmund going to get married to Mary Crawford? Is Tom going to recover from his illness?



 

Mansfield Park. Volume One. Chapter XVIII

SUMMARY

 

We are at the last chapter of the first volume, and Jane Austen is going to offer us a very dramatic ending after a very dramatic climax, so this way the readers will be anxious to follow reading the second volume.

We have a group of people wanting to do the rehearsal of three of the five acts of Lovers’s Vows has, so all of them are very excited, or very nervous.

Tom, the eldest of the Bertrams, who had given up his preference for a comedy and accepted playing a drama instead, would perform any character, doesn’t mind which, and is very impatient for the rehearsal.

Mr Rushworth, Maria’s fiancé, isn’t able to learn by heart any of his speeches, and all the time needs a prompter, and, moreover, he is very worried about his dress.

Maria is going to have a very equivocal scene with Henry Crawford, a scene that allows them to flirt even more: in the play, these two characters (mother and son) embrace each other. Mr Rushworth starts being jealous. Henry Crawford is the best actor: he can play all the characters, giving them the exact theatrical tone.

Julia, the youngest of the Bertrams, is not playing because Henry Crawford has showed his preference for Maria for her part, although he previously had been courting her. Another role has been offered to her, but she has rejected them all out of spite.

Mrs Grant, the vicar’s wife, also has a minor part.

Mr Yates, a friend of Tom, is the man who has come to the Bertram’s home with his head full of acting, and has persuaded the rest to pass the time preparing a play. He has the main character, Baron Wildenhaim.

Edmund didn’t approve the idea of acting while their father was absent faraway and perhaps in danger, but, as Tom threatened to look for actors and actresses out of the family circle, he decided to act himself. He is going to play the part of a clergyman (in the real life, he himself is going to be ordained).

Miss Crawford plays Amelia, the Baron’s daughter, a young woman who is in love with Anhalt, the clergyman her tutor. She is who declares her love to Anhalt and persuades him to marry her; and so there is another couple in a compromising situation.

Mrs Norris is very busy with the curtains and the players’ clothes.

Lady Bertram is a bit anxious to see something of the play talked about so much and which causes so much bustle.

Fanny is required by everybody: Mrs Norris needs her help with the equipment, and the players need her to prompt them, and as sparring to try their speeches. Even Mary Crawford and Edmund need her as an interlocutor, a prompter and a critic.

All is now ready for the dress rehearsal of the first three acts, and all are very impatient, but, at the last moment, Mr Grant feels ill, and Mrs Grant has to stay at the parsonage to take care of him, and so she won’t be able to act.

In the face of this problem, they entreat Fanny —the only person who has always objected to the whole acting because she thinks inappropriate being Sir Thomas away, being some very embarrassing scenes, and being, although she doesn’t want to admit, jealous of Mary Crawford— to take the part of Mrs Grant, or at least to read it. Fanny refuses because she feels it isn’t right, but then the rest label her egoist, and stubborn; even Edmund begs her.

In the end, she yields, but, just before they start, Julia makes an astonishing announcement.


QUESTIONS


Why theatre can be viewed as something immoral, or at least as something not very appropriate in some circumstances?
What qualities must you have to be a good actor?
Henry Crawford is a very good actor. Why can this talent can be a flaw in his character, according to Fanny’s point of view?
Mr Rushworth says that Henry Crawford can’t be a good actor because is too short. How do cinema and art impose us the shape of our appearances?
Sir Thomas and Mrs Norris were thinking about the possibility that Tom, or Edmund, fall in love with her cousin Fanny. Marriage between relatives used to want permission from the religious authorities, and, in most of cultures, is a taboo. Do you think this proscription it’s something biological, or cultural?
Edmund and Mary have very different points of view about religion. According to you: can a marriage between two people of so different opinions work?
In which ways do you think plays are better than films? And films better than plays?
Why is it important (or not) for an adopted child to know their biological parents?


VOCABULARY


fret, trifling, rant, prompter, to her eye, tameness, was at little pains, deferred, catchword, forwarder, seams, trice, festoons, entreat, grate, obliged, in the aggregate, surmise, stand the brunt, had little credit with, yield

Chapter XVIII (Project Gutenberg)

Something Childish but very Natural, by Katherine Mansfield

SUMMARY

This is a love story between Henry (17) and Edna (16). They are very young, so we have to suppose very inexperienced about love, but also very pure and innocent.

Henry is a clerk in an architect office, and he thinks he’s great into books, although he hasn’t read many, and he doesn’t have many. Edna is a student in a training college; she wants to be a secretary.

One day, at Charing Cross station, Henry almost misses his train because, as it has a stop of ten minutes, leaving his hat and a portfolio in his carriage, he gets off to look at the books in the station bookstall and, when he is reading a poem from a book, he hears the station master announcing that the train is leaving, and Henry has to hurry up. He runs to the nearest carriage and dashes into it. But it’s not his, and he feels embarrassed because there is another passenger, a girl, and he has not his hat on. He notices the girl’s hair and falls in love with it. In the end, he gathers courage to say something, and they begin a bit of conversation. And when Edna points to the mark his hat has left on his forehead, he feels he’s definitely in love with her. He asks her to meet again, and she tells him that she takes the same train every day.

So they meet again, and they start a kind of love affair, they tell each other about their jobs, their families… He asks her to see her hair, and reluctantly she takes off her hat, but she doesn’t allow him to touch it.

And during their courtship, he can’t even go near her and, much less, kiss her. However, Henry isn’t angry with her, he is patient and understanding and can wait. Edna knows that he wants some more closeness and understands his desires, but, at the moment, she can’t bear being touched. She prefers keeping some distance between them, as if they were still children, and not already teenagers. But they both dream being together, living together, and they imagine having a house and behaving like husband and wife.

But after a time, Henry is a little tired of waiting for a kiss or a caress, he hungers for physical contact. One day, in an excursion, when they stop to have tea, the landlady offers them a cottage to rent. They go and see it, and they like it very much. They can figure it could be their home. Eventually, Edna lets him hold her, and tells him she has wanted all day to tell him that he could kiss her. They decide to rent the house.

But when Henry waits for Edna the day they have to begin to inhabit the cottage, she doesnt come. Instead of her, there comes a little girl with a telegram for Henry. We don’t know what is there in the message, neither whose it is from, although we can imagine. He opens it, reads it, and the world around him gets wrapped in darkness.

 

QUESTIONS

-Why do you think the girl doesn’t want any physical contact?

-In your opinion, a romantic mood, is it only possible when you are young?

-Do you think love without sex is going to work? Or is this idea sexist?

-What can be the meaning of the Swiss cow-bell, the silver shoe and the fish hanging of Edna’s bangle?

-Why is hair so powerful a sexual symbol, according to your view?

-“Have you ever been in love before?” is a very unusual declaration of love. Do you know any other singular one? E.g., this one.

-Some people say love is a kind of illness that only lasts three years. What is your opinion?

-Can children be in love, or is love something you only find in teenagers and adults?

-When they are at the tea house in the country, and the woman offers to rent a cottage, do you think Henry has planned it previously? (remember he had been there often)

-And when the woman asked if they were brother and sister, why does Henry answer yes?

-When they are in the cottage, do they really kiss? Why do you think so?

-What does the telegram say? What is Henry going to do now?

 

VOCABULARY

soot, spangle, pap, clutched, marigold, wreath, utter, curb, training college, nests, loathsome, winding up, raked out, caretakers, heather, jonquils, Bags I

 

Something Childish, but very Natural, poem

Film (from minute 29:48)

AUDIOBOOK

ANALYSIS

VIDEO PRESENTATION

A Cup of Tea, by Katherine Mansfield

SUMMARY, by Aurora Ledesma

The story was written in January 1922 in the space of just 4–5 hours, and was published in a popular magazine, the “Story-Teller”, in May of the same year.

Rosemary was a wealthy woman, who had been married for two years to a very rich man, Philip Fell, who adored his family. Though she was not very pretty, she made up for it as she lived in extreme style and fashion. She always enjoyed organizing parties for important people and artists. She liked shopping in a perfect florist’s in Regent Street and also loved collecting antiques.

One rainy winter afternoon, after leaving an antique shop, Rosemary felt a bit upset, because she had not been able to buy an exquisite little box.  Suddenly a poor young girl came up to her and asked for the price of a cup of tea. Rosemary thought of doing something generous, like in the novels of Dostoevsky, and invited her to her house. Rosemary wanted to show that those nice things that happened in novels and fairy tales, about generous rich people, happened in real life also. At the beginning, the girl didn’t believe Rosemary, even suspected that the lady might hand her over to the police, but at last Rosemary took her home.

When they arrived at Rosemary’s house, she took the girl up to her bedroom and made her sit near the fire on a comfortable chair. Rosemary even had to help her take off her coat and hat, because she was very weak, but threw them on the floor. The poor girl cried and complained that life was too hard and that she was so tired of living. Then Rosemary consoled her and asked her servant to bring some food and tea.

When she was going to begin asking the girl about her life, her husband Philip came in. He was astonished to see the girl in his wife’s room, and he asked her to go to the library, where he tried to tell her that she couldn’t have a stranger in the house. Facing a refusal, he used the old jealousy trick and he praised the girl’s beauty. So Rosemary went out of the library, took three pounds, gave them to the girl and sent her away.

Afterwards, Rosemary dressed up, put on some makeup and tried to attract the attention of her husband. At the end, Rosemary didn’t know if she was pretty enough for him, and she wasn’t sure if Philip loved her either.

 

Some Reflections

In this story we can find some topical themes that the writer repeats in many other stories: The prominence of women, the social classes, the oppression of the poor by the rich, the materialism of the main characters etc. But in “A Cup of Tea” we also find the appearance in contrast to reality. Rosemary on the surface seems kind by taking care of the girl. However, her intentions are something else. She wants to receive the admiration of her “friends”. The reality of her intentions is full of hypocrisy. She helps the girl for her own interest.
Rosemary is also a prototype of jealousy and insecurity. When Philips praises the girl’s beauty, she forgets her good intentions and sends the girl away.

QUESTIONS

-How can you explain the differences between beautiful and pretty? Can you give some examples?
-The protagonist says “I hate lilac”. And the attendant “put the lilac out of sight”. So strong of the power of money? Can you give some more curious examples?
-Remember the seller in the “antique shop”: can you give some tips as to how to be a very good shopkeeper?
-Why would / wouldn’t you buy second hand things?
-What do you think of philanthropy? Do you think it’s a way to help poor people, or you think it’s useless for the poor and hypocrisy for the donor?
-Are all the women sisters (in their fight for their rights)?
-Are rich people more natural than poor people? Do you think very rich people belong to another species? Is it easy to recognize them?
-“If people wanted helping, they must respond a little”. How true is this sentence? Must you always accept charity?
-Is being very formal a feature of rich people, like when Philip says “Oh, what’s happened? Previous engagement?”
 

VOCABULARY

duck, beamed, cherub, plied, vile, pick-up, bowled over



STORY WITH MARGIN NOTES


Mr Reginald Peacock's Day, by Katherine Mansfield

 

SUMMARY, by Cristina Fernández

The tale is the story of one day in the life of an egocentric musician that has success in his career, but unable to manage with bills, creditors and everyday details.

He would like to be one of the aristocrat group of people for whom he works, and behaves like one of them, meanwhile his wife has to manage to please his extravagances with a low budget and be her maid.

The marriage doesn’t work, as he adores everything in other women and loathes everything about his wife. Also, he tries to teach his son to behave like an aristocrat, with the result that the child finds it absurd.

To summarize the day, he gives singing lessons at home to grateful women and at night he sings in a private house, and that night he went to dinner too with one of his students.

Today, all has been a success in his life, but not his marital relationship, as he treats his wife as a maid, and he would like she would be like one of his pupils.

 

QUESTIONS TO REFLECT


Why do we want to be the centre of everything?

Why is always the other the responsible for a failure?


QUESTIONS TO DEBATE

-What can you tell us about the hero’s name?
-What is the best way to wake up? Do you think that having to get up at a determined time is a kind of being a slave?
-Do you think marriage / living together changes the relationship between a couple?

-Our society has to do exercise or go to the gym because most of the jobs don’t imply movement. Is this good or bad for our health in particular, or for the mankind in general?

-According to your opinion, what kind of formalisms are necessary in our daily routines? (saying “thank you”, e.g.) Aren’t these formulas worn out?

-What are your politics about keeping a servant?

-“Vanity, that bright bird”: what is the meaning of this expression? When vanity can be positive?

-How can governments promote culture for everybody, not only for rich people?

-“Nobody is a hero for their servant / husband /wife”. Why is that?

-“Ah, is we only were friends, how much I could tell her now!” Do you tell different things to a friend than to your spouse?

 

VOCABULARY

overall, stick and stone, shell, clip his wings, wedded, loofah, thrill, make it up, looked up, pansy, chords, waft, dairy


ANALYSIS

Bliss, by Katherine Mansfield

SUMMARY, by Josep Guiteres

Bertha Young, a 30-year-old young woman, was married to Harry, whom she adored and loved, just like he adored her. They had a daughter, Bertha, whom she loved madly. Her husband had money and a good job, and they lived in a beautiful house with a garden. They also had friends of similar level to theirs.

Bertha felt completely happy, perhaps until the end of the night when they had invited the couple Norman Knight and wife, a theatre entrepreneur, Eddy Warren (a writer), and Pearl Fulton (a decorator) to dinner.

Bertha felt admiration and affection, or perhaps something more, for Pearl, unlike her husband Harry, who apparently detested her.

At the end of the dinner, when the guests left, Bertha realized that Pearl and her husband Harry were in a relationship. So Bertha asked herself the big question: and now what is going to happen?

 

PERSONAL REFLECTION

Because of the details that Katherine provides in her magnificent short story “Bliss”, and because of the analysis that Dr Oliver Tearle makes of the short story, I believe that if Katherine had continued writing after Bertha’s question, “what is going to happen now?”, she could have written a lot of different endings, but due to her short life she decided not to waste time on it, leaving this work to her readers.

QUESTIONS

-The story’s morality seems to be “ignorance is bliss”, or “out of sight, out of mind”. From your experience, what do you think it’s better: to always tell the truth, or to hide the things you imagine they can hurt?

-According to your view, why the baby is called “Little B”?

-Why is Bertha suddenly full of desire for her husband? Why was she generally cold?

-At the end, what do you think it will happen to their marriage? Is he going to break up with Miss Fulton? Is Bertha going to forgive him?

-What can be the meaning of The parable of the young women? (page 180, line 4/5)

-Along the story, we find some hints / signs that make us suspect that something happens between Miss Fulton and Harry. Can you tell us some of these hints?

-“Bertha guessed Miss Fulton’s mood so exactly…” This was Bertha’s first impression. Do you trust first impressions? Tell us an anecdote of yours where you had a first impression, and then, after knowing better the person, you had to change it.

-“In the drawing room, perhaps she [Miss Fulton] will ‘give a sign’ [to Bertha]”. Do you believe in love at first sight? How can you be aware that someone is in love with you?

-What is the meaning of these different symbols?

Fiddle

Tangerines, apples, strawberry, grapes

Pear tree (in bloom)

Cats (grey, and black -its shadow)

Lobster flesh

 

VOCABULARY

bowl a hoop, fiddle, M’m, tangerines, nursery, tugged, sound, make sb out, dullish, catching sb’s heels, couches, jonquils, stodgy, fluke, rose to a man, bored, fillet, snip, conservatory, teeming


SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS


A Dill Pickle, by Katherine Mansfield

SUMMARY, by Elisa Sola Ramos

 A man and a woman meet after six years apart. The story is a conversation between them in a café, through which we know details of their relationship and their personality.

During the conversation, it’s revealed that Vera split up by letter, and he was very touched. We also know that their personalities are very different, quite opposite: fantasy is dominating in Vera’s mind, and he seems to be very practical and even stingy. The reader is behind Vera’s mind: we know her feelings, her name (Vera), but we don’t know the inner feelings of the man, who doesn’t have a name. He’s a flat character or an archetype: a white upper-class man, good-looking (in Vera’s words: “far better good-looking than he had been [in the past]”), with a lot of money that allows him to travel... He appears as a self-confident character: “he had the air of a man who has found his place in life”.

On the contrary, Vera has not been able to travel because she is poor (she had to sell her piano), she’s completely alone, and she seems to be very unstable.

One thing that highlights the differences between them is that their memories about the same fact don’t match: he remembers one afternoon in a Chinese pagoda as a wonderful day, and she remembers the maniac behaviour of him “infuriated out of proportion about the wasps”. In another point of the story, when he recollects the night when he brought a little Christmas tree, he remembers how he could speak about his childhood, and she remembers how stingy he had been with a pot of caviare, which had cost seven and sixpence, and he compared eating caviare with eating money. Not to mention that he couldn’t remember his dog’s name, and she did.

In spite of all of that, she is willing to give up herself, to renounce her vision of the facts (“his [vision] was the truer”) in order to submit to a man, perhaps to be able to eat, perhaps for survival, perhaps for emotional submission (another kind of sexist violence), who knows!

There are many metaphors that help the author to create an atmosphere of sexual desire between the two former lovers or, at least, of Vera’s sexual desire for him.

The first one is the orange. The image of him peeling an orange with “his special way”, the smell and the colour, gives the image that Vera wants to be “eaten” by him.

The second symbol is the veil and the collar. In the beginning of the story, she “raised her veil and unbuttoned her high fur collar” as a sign of opening herself, emotionally or sexually, like a bride. The same image, but reversed, appears at the end of the story: when she decides to leave, “she had unbuttoned her collar again and drawn down her veil”. Thus, the author takes up the powerful image of the bride to close symbolically their relationship.

Another symbol is the glove. She explains that “she was that glove that he held in his fingers”.

The beast she has inside her is another image, a beast which was “hungry” and “pricked up its ears and began to purr...”. It’s like an inner force that contrasts with the self-possession of a woman of her class and time.

The last erotic symbol is the dill pickle, which is a trigger for Vera’s romantic imagination. She completes the explanation about the scene in the Volga with her own imagination: “She sucked in her cheeks; the dill pickle was terribly sour...” It’s a comic effect: juxtaposing the romantic scene in an exotic frame with this prosaic gift and her imagination.

Throughout the conversation, there are many details that describe a very asymmetrical relationship between the couple. She remembers how he used to interrupt her in the middle of what she was saying. (It has been studied that women are much more interrupted than men in large company meetings, and this trait is a sign of sexist behaviour.) Then, after silencing her, he says that he likes her voice -the sound-, but not the content of what she’s saying. It’s an irony. He’s playing with her. All the time, he flirts with her (he highlights the things that unit them) in order to hook her, because he knows her dreamy and romantic character. He’s getting his revenge.

The two characters are completely different. They live in different worlds. The man is Vera’s romantic opponent, and, in the end, we can have doubts as to his being a rich man because he doesn’t want to pay the small cream bill. He’s a liar, or he’s a stingy man.

On the other side, Vera doesn’t have either a very good position, because she is ready to give up herself in order to have a husband. Both characters aren’t very well treated by the author.

Some people say that A Dill Pickle is a feminist story by Katherine Mansfield, but I’m not sure about that. Despite the fact that the figure of the man is completely negative, ridiculous, maniac and cruel, the image of the woman is not better: shallow, unstable and unclear.

QUESTIONS

-What can be his special way to peel an orange? Do you know a singular case of doing something?

-To your view, what does the orange symbolize?

-Do you like being interrupted? What do you do when someone interrupts you?

-What do you know about Kew Gardens?

-What can you tell us about the Black Sea?

-Why did she know he had been mocking?

-What is the meaning of the dill pickle in the story?

-Why do you think the man has no name?

-According to you, why does she go away so suddenly?

 

VOCABULARY

daffodils, muff, meant to, loathe, sniggering, purr, ringers 

 

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